Academic writing-Referencing & Citation

Referencing Styles

MLA citation Style

Two part system of citation:

• In-text citation: embedded within the text of the essay itself.
• A 'work cited' list that follows up these references with fuller details of the sources, in an alphabetically ordered list. This includes both primary and secondary texts you used in writing your assignment. all entries in the works cited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text.

In Text Citation

Included in an in-text citation is ( Author's surname and page number), or just (page number) if the author is named in sentence. no commas and or 'p.' or 'pg' are needed. The references appears in brackets at the end of the sentence that contains the quotation from or reference to your source. Punctuation comes after the citation. A full reference to the resource should then be included in the works cited page at the end of the essay. for example:

• Author mentioned only in reference: 'This point has been emphasized (jones 156-7)
• Author mentioned in text: 'Jones emphasizes this point (157-7)
• Material found in indirect source: "Greenwood supports this view ( in Jones 66)"

Works Cited List

Your essay should conclude with a Works Cited list (a full list of works consulted). Entries should consist of as many of the following core elements as appropriate, in the recommended order of:

(1) Author, (2) Title of source, (3) Title of container (e.g. journal, database, website, etc), (4) Other contributors, (5) Version, (6) Number, (7) Publisher, (8) Publication date, (9) Location.

Entries are listed alphabetically by the author's late name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written as last name, first name (or initial) any middle names or additional initials. For example Smith, Alison M.

If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author's name for subsequent entry.

If there is no author, place the item by the first letter of its title, ignoring 'A' 'An' and 'The'.

Books

Below are the rules for different types of books and authors.

Book with one author

       Winterson, Jeanette. Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. Atlantic Monthly Press, 1987.

Book with two Authors

Reverse the name of the first author only.

       Kuiper, Koenraad and W. Scott Allan. An Introduction to English Language: Word, Sound, and Sentance. Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Book with three or more authors

The name of the first authors should be given, followed by et al. ('and others'), e.g. Quirk, Randolph, et al.

Edition of a book

       Crowley, Sharon and Debra Hawhee. Ancient Rhetorics for contemporary Students. 3rd ed., pearson, 2004.

Book prepared by an editor

       Austen, Jane. Sense and Sensibility, edited by Claudia Johnson. Norton, 2001.

Translated Book

       Hildegard of Bingen. Selected Writings, translated by Mark Atherton. Penguin, 2001.